The forest is a complex plant community or biogeocenosis (ecosystem) of forest trees are affected by each other and the environment in which they are located. The main parts of the forest as an ecosystem are land, air, forest biological community and geological foundation.
Forests are the most complex terrestrial ecosystems. In addition to these trees has many other species of plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms. The complexity of forests is reflected in their expressed stories and diverse interdependence of all living members of the community.
Forests for centuries have been a place where the man supplied wood for fuel, construction and forest products for food. Unplanned wood cutting, a man threatens to the nature.
Forest ecosystems are very diverse. However, regardless of such great diversity, all forests can be grouped into four basic types: broadleaf evergreen, broadleaf deciduous, coniferous evergreen and deciduous conifer.
In the forests basic food were made by green plants in the process of photosynthesis. Plants are food for different types of herbivores, most notably insects and birds. Insects and other herbivores carnivores feed on the first order (insects, carnivorous, insectivora, birds). For meat-eaters first order continues a whole series of other carnivores. On top of trophic pyramids are carnivores such as bear, wolf and lynx.
For the survival of planet Earth have great significance have forests. The immediate and the biggest benefit of forests is the production of oxygen. At the initiative of the General Assembly of the European Confederation of Agriculture the 1971, in the world 21st March was marked as the World Forestry Day.
Graphic realization: Nikola Zaklan. Final graphical processing: Bozidar Dosenovic and Nebojsa Djumic
Printing house: POSTE SRPSKE, Banjaluka
