The domesticated apple is one of the most important fruit crops, grown extensively in colder and temperate climate. Many consider apple as the fruit above all fruits. Although modern apple varieties and autochthonous cultivars are an essential part of the inheritance of the region, knowledge about the former is becoming rarer. The Balkan Peninsula is known as one of the most important genetic, species and ecosystem diversity centres in Europe. Because of the existing variability in the region, differing ecological conditions and human activities, the Balkan Peninsula can be regarded as one of the most important secondary centres of genetic diversity in apple.
Prijedorska Zelenika
Prijedorska zelenika is also called Zelenika, Grmečka Šipunja, Šipinja. Its origin is Prijedor area (northern Republika Srpska). Fruits ripen by second half of October. Fruits tend to drop before picking. Can be consumed fresh but improves over time. It can be kept well and it is suitable for processing into juices and brandy.
Its leaves are medium or medium large sized, elongated elliptic shape. Flower is medium sized and white. Fruit size is medium large or large, on average 70 to 75 mm long, 60 to 70 mm wide and weighs 130 to 160 g. Fruit skin is thick, green and smooth. The skin is dark green becoming light green or greenish yellow when ripe. She has large, brown, sparse and unevenly dispersed lenticels. Brownish coating is present around stalk cavity. White, firm and sour fruit flesh. She has slight aroma that increases with storage.
Ilinjača
Ilinjača is also called Ilinjka. It is old, cultivar from Novi Grad and Prijedor (northern Republika Srpska). Fruits ripen in early August. It is suitable for fresh consumption for processing into pies, compotes, juices.Leaves are large, elongated and round shape. Flower is large and has white to pink colour.
Fruit size is small or medium sized on average 60 to 70 mm long, 40 to 50 mm wide and weighs 90 to 100 g. Its shape is asymmetrical, irregular round to flattened conical shape. She has very thick, light green becoming greenish yellow or yellow during ripening and it is covered with very attractive red stripes. It is pale yellow, very soft, sweet and aromatic.
Bijelica
Bijelica is also called Domaća Bijela, Bijelača. It is old, cultivar recorded and collected in Prnjavor, village called Gornja Mravica (northern Republika Srpska).Fruits ripen during second half of August and it is suitable for fresh consumption or processing into cookies, juices and brandy. Leaves are medium to large sized, elongated and uneven elliptic shape. Flower is medium sized and white. Fruit skin is thin and moderately firm. The skin is pale green to green without covering colour. Large, round, white, sparse and unequally dispersed lenticels. Fruit flesh is white, crunchy, slightly sour and very juicy.
Krompiruša
Synonyms are Krompirača, Čupa. It is old, cultivar recorded and collected in Prnjavor village, Potočani (northern Republika Srpska). Fruits ripen late September. It is suitable for fresh consumption and processing. Keeps well, even in traditional conditions. Leaves are very large, elongated, elliptic egg shape. Flower is large and white. Fruit size is large or very large, on average 75 to 85 mm long, 60 to 705 mm wide and weighs 170 to 230 g. and shape is round, slightly asymmetrical. This apple has firm, thick and rough skin. It is large, sparse, white lenticels. The skin is dark green becoming light green. Brownish coat which is more intense around the stalk. The flesh is white, firm and slightly sour.
Authors: Bozidar Dosenovic and Nebojsa Djumic
Publisher: Poste Srpske a.d. Banjaluka
Cooperation: Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska
