Mushrooms are very rich and diverse, but also sufficiently studied in the world. Not after the way of functioning, not by material, not for his role in nature are neither plants nor animals. They make the private realm - fungi (mushrooms - lat. - Fungi, Gr. - Myco).
Unlike plants, which is the basic function of photosynthesis is not a type of fungus does not perform photosynthesis, and are built of hyphae, unlike plants and animals are made of cells. Science has proven that over 500 lower and higher fungi species contains extraordinary healing properties. One of the best known is a microscopic fungus Penicillium, from which is obtained antibiotic called penicillin. Because of its favorable geographical location and climatic conditions prevailing in it, Bosnia and Herzegovina is a very suitable climate for the growth of a large number of species of fungi.
Oyster Mushroom
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a very delicious edible mushrooms, but lately more and more importance to its medicinal properties. This fungus produces biologically active compound lovastatin, which is the most effective natural compound to reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood, and has anti-tumor and anti-microbial activity. Fruitful bodies of oyster mushroom occur clod from spring to winter in deciduous trees, rarely evergreen. They are fan-shaped or shell forms. The top surface is smooth and shiny, gray-brown to olive-gray to almost black color variant columbinus. On the underside of the leaf hats are of unequal length, which descend a long stem. The gills are white to cream-colored. The stem of the oyster mushroom is short, thick, full, eccentric or even laterally positioned relative to the hat. Her flesh is white, of pleasant smell and taste. This is certainly one of the most delicious mushroom species.
Chanterelle
Chanterelle mushrooms were from a small genus Cantharellus which in our country is represented by a dozen species, but collected only for the purchase of real chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) and black trumpets (Craterellus cornucopioides). The real chanterelles are in the early stages of a tactile upper surface of the hat that growth is becoming more funnel. In the basic subspecies (Cantharellus cibarius var.cibarius) surface is smooth, vivid yelloworange colors, and in subspecies (C. c. Var. Bicolor) is smooth and white. In softwood subspecies (C. c. Amethysteus) orange with purple scales. All three varieties are commercial. On the bottom of the hat is hymenium which gradually moves to the stem, and is composed of thick veins that branch off toward the edge of the hat and connected. Yelloworange is the uniform color. The stem is cylindrical or tapered towards the bottom, hard, smooth, with the subspecies bicolor white and the other yellow. Their flesh is rather stiff, yellowish-white, the color does not change in the air, has a pleasant fruity scent (for apricot). The taste is a bit spicy. It is not suitable for drying because of the rather tough meat, but it is extraordinary for pickling.
Turkey Tail
Turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) is a fungus that grows in large colonies on the stumps deciduous trees, especially beech and oak. Fruitful body of turkey tail is fan form, thin and tough. The upper surface is velvety and concentrically zoned in various colors, while the peripheral zone of growth is always white. On the bottom of the hat is hymenium composed of small, round pores white to cream color. His flesh is thin and whitish, stiff, bitter taste. Turkey tail has no stalk, his hat laterally grown on the tree. The latest scientific research confirms that this fungus contains immunostimulatory compounds that inhibit the growth of malignant cells. Turkey tail is used dried and milled as a tea.
Reishi
Today in the world gives the growing importance of medicinal mushrooms, particularly in the treatment of malignant diseases. Due to its medicinal properties since ancient times in the Far East Reishi is very respected (Ganoderma lucidum), which the Chinese call the "Reishi" or mushroom of immortality. Reishi in our area occurs in autumn on the stumps and dead oak trees. Her hat is usually a fan shape. The top surface is smooth, shiny, lumpy twisted with concentric zones. The colour is vivid orange-red to red-brown, with a yellow edge zone growth. On the bottom of the hat is hymenium made up of thin tubes that flesh-colored brown in touch. Meat is very stiff, fibrous, dirty beige color, bitter taste. The stem may be differently long, gnarly, shiny, smooth, red-brown to black. From the fruitful bodies and mycelia of Reishi has been allocated more than 100 kinds of polysaccharides. For 50 of these have been proven to have anti-tumor and anti-cancer activity which is based on the improvement of the immune system.
Publisher: Poste Srpske a.d. Banjaluka
Author: MA Bozidar Dosenovic
Cooperation: Borislav Maric
